Palmitoyl tripeptide-28 is key in the regeneration to help maintaining the production of protein inhibitors and synthetic integrins, while inhibiting metalloproteinases, which degrade collagen and inhibit cell proliferation.

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-28 binds to the specific TGF-bll (TbRII) receptor on the cell surface. This receptor phosphorylates the TGF-bI receptor (TbRI) to generate an active receptor complex tophosphorylate the Smad 2 or Smad 3 protein.

Smad 2 or Smad 3 forms a complex with the cytoplasmic protein Smad 4 and this allows the translocation of the Smad complex into the nucleus. There, the Smad booster complex binds to specific sequences of the promoters of genes that activate the expression.

• Helps to stimulate protein synthesis
• Inhibits metalloproteinases that degrade collagen
• Helps to maintain the production of protease inhibitors and the synthesis of integrins.

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. It shows up like dark red crystals. It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis and metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Vitamin B12 is important in the hematological and nervous systems and has an intricate relationship with the skin. Altered levels of cobalamin can lead to dermatological conditions such as hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis. It is necessary for cell's health, soothing redness, and hydration.

Vit B12 and melanin: facilitates cell regeneration, which replaces hyperpigmented cells with adequately pigmented cells. Vitamin B12 transports effectively oxygenates hyperpigmented skin, healing it quickly.

Vit B12 and dry skin: with the power of cell regeneration and transport of oxygen in the blood, helps the process of skin exfoliating process while still provides deep hydration. Vit

B12 improves energy: it facilitates the production of ATP, cellular energy used to create new skin cells. Vitamin B12 helps oxidize fatty acids, to use as an energy source, and catabolizes amino acids to create ATP releases dead cells from the surface of the skin.

• Skin rejuvenation.
• It generates constant flow of dead skin cell release and generation of new cells.
• Cellular regeneration keeps the skin healthy and fresh, elasticity of the skin, preventing appearance of wrinkles.

Glutathione is the most abundant thiol in animal cells, with concentrations between 0.5 and 10 mmol/L. It ss present in cytosol and organelles.

GSH protects cells by neutralizing (reducing) reactive oxygen species. methylglyoxal and formaldehyde, toxic metabolites produced during oxidative stress.

Maintains exogenous antioxidants as vitamins C and E in their reduced (active) state.

Succinic acid plays an important role in the Krebs cycle, in which ATP is produced, one energy molecule, which allows cells to function correctly. It can effectively help the nourishment and revitalization of epidermal cells. It also protects cells to stay healthy in a low oxygen concentration environment.

• It has a strong antioxidant potential, thus reducing the amount of free radicals, which damage structural protein fibers.

The simultaneous presence in a single solution of different molecular weights of Hyaluronic Acid (high and low) allows the integration of endogenous Hyaluronic Acid levels with balanced concentrations.

Low weight Hyaluronic Acid 100kDa, which binds to specific receptors, helps the keratinocytes rejuvenating process, providing nourishment to aged skin.

Hyaluronic acid of medium-high weight 120 kDa, thanks to its' high capacity to bind water molecules, provides a deep hydration action.

Niacinamide (Vit B3 or Vit PP) is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD(P)], family of endogenous coenzymes. The reduced forms of these cofactors [NAD(P)H] have antioxidant properties.

 Niacinamide smooths fine lines and wrinkles, also protects skin from photo-aging and wrinkled skin (elastosis), which is characterized by elevated level of excess dermal glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Niacinamide increases both the lipid component and the protein of the stratum corneum by reducing subsequently the loss of trans epidermal water(TEWL) and increasing the barrier properties of the skin.

 It has also been widely documented to reduce yellowing of the skin, hyperpigmentation, redness and stains. The skin pigment is reduced through inhibition of melanosome transferfrom melanocytes to keratinocytes.

Glycine and Proline are the primary amino acids present in collagen and represent at least 50% of its amino acid content. Glycine represents one third of the amino acids in the collagen molecule.

Arginine is classified as a semi-essential amino acid. Arginine plays an important role in protection of the skin from premature skin aging.

Acetyl hexapeptide is a peptide chemically composed of six amino acids with activity similar to botulinum toxinA. It issimilarto the N-terminal end of the SNAP-25 protein, with which it competes for a position on the SNARE complex, responsible for the release of catecholamines, chemical mediators of muscle contraction.

Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 reversibly fragments the SNAP-25 protein, preventing the formation of the SNARE complex with consequent temporary paralysis of the muscle. When applied, it contributes to the preserve the youthful skin appearance and smoothness.